Is desert landscaping really low maintenance and does the HOA require it?

Desert landscaping can be lower maintenance than grass once established, since it uses less water and does not require mowing, but it is not zero maintenance. You will still need to manage weeds, replenish rock or mulch, trim plants, remove dead growth, and possibly run irrigation for trees and shrubs depending on the design. Some desert plants are hardier than others, and the upfront cost and effort to install quality landscaping can be significant. Whether your HOA requires desert landscaping depends entirely on the community. Some HOAs mandate low water use plants and prohibit grass, others allow both, and a few require turf in front yards. You should review the HOA's CC and Rs and design guidelines for any property you are considering to understand the rules and how they fit your preferences.